"The title is the same as that of a very well-known book by Professor
L. E. Dickson (with which ours has little in common). We proposed
at one time to change it to 'An introduction to arithmetic', a more novel
and in some ways a more appropriate title; but it was pointed out that
this might lead to misunderstandings about the content of the book."
G.H. Hardy and E. M. Wright "An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers"
It should be according to Tao's own comment at the bottom of the blog:
"This book is for a general audience, without necessarily having a college-level math education. It is aimed more at adults than at children, but some children with an interest in mathematics may be able to get something of it."