Their profit margins were always around 30% or so, except late-2021 through mid-2022 when it fell dramatically due to higher expenses and (unexpected) flat revenue.
As for $9B in research and development - they have 66K employees now. Say 30,000 of them are in engineering, costing the company $300K on average (salary + bonus + benefits + other expenses), that's $9B right there in research.
As for $9B in research and development - they have 66K employees now. Say 30,000 of them are in engineering, costing the company $300K on average (salary + bonus + benefits + other expenses), that's $9B right there in research.