The other day I was trying to figure out a cost estimate for Gemini 2.5 Pro but they don't have this in their pricing calculator - it just isn't there. Only endless tables with various model sizes and options which aren't explained.
A noob question, since the original article doesn't go into details - what is exactly being simulated here? I was under the impression that we can't even reliably do a single protein folding due to the sheer complexity of the task. So how do we simulate the zillions that are bouncing around in a single cell? And if we don't simulate it at that level, how are we confident that it is correct?
You're right, they're only approximations at different levels, as a 1:1 reproduction of even a single cell would be unfeasible.
Most of them are built around one specific, measurable, phenotype that they want to reproduce, like estimate metabolite input/output over time.
Some others attempt to model the behavior of these cells when interacting with others, like in a colony or tissue. This is quite important because most of the phenomena that enables development, healing, regeneration, etc ... are emergent processes that only make sense when you study the whole tissue. One concrete thing you can measure/simulate here is "if I drop this hormone here, where is it going to be at time X and at what concentration" [1], which is super useful to do in silico because measuring that in real tissue, without or even with markers, is much more complicated, expensive and time consuming.
1: I wrote one of the first models that was able to do this in realistic plant tissue. Realistic here means, bounded by the chemical/physical constraints found in real plants and using a structural scaffold that resembles them as well.
Every time I try breathwork (be it box or x-y-z) I feel that the intervals are too long - by the time I finish breathing out my brain goes into panic mode and the next breath is not enough to compensate. I find them the exact opposite of relaxing.
Your urge to breathe comes from your brain's sensitivity to CO2, which can be trained. In fact, as is also discussed in the book the grandparent mentioned, high sensitivity to CO2 might cause everything from having short breath to full-blown panic attacks.
In other words: Lowering your CO2 sensitivity and learning to breathe slowly by doing breathwork is a skill worth acquiring. Your brain going into panic mode in a comparatively relaxed breathing mode could be an indication that your CO2 sensitivity is rather high.
That's really neat - being able to reduce your sensitivity to CO2 if it's overly high sounds useful.
Do you know if it's possible to do this to dangerous levels - that is, make your body so tolerant of high CO2 levels in your blood that you unconsciously adopt a dangerously high blood-CO2 level as your default state?
Just shorten the intervals. It's not a big deal. When I did yoga training in the pramayama (breath work) they started with quite short intervals, and the retention without air in the lungs was skipped at first.
It's completely fine imo and I don't think there's a need to get hung up on details like hitting a prescribed 4-4-4-4. 3-3-0-3 would be ok too.
A breath coach told me that breathing on a timer stresses some people out instead of calming them down. E.g., people who have experienced trauma. Submitting their bodily functions to an outside force's control can be very stressful.
Her approach adapted breathing patterns to listen to your body's internal signals for when to breath in and out.
What’s EMDR? I think I have this too. I used to end up after headspace usually with a higher heart rate from overthinking and unnatural counting of my breaths.
I also do not find breathwork relaxing, and it's not always meant to be. The Wim Hof method in particular will definitely amp you up and cause some strange feelings. But if you are really having a bad time with it and want to continue, just find some interval that works for you. There is no one right answer for how to do this.
On a personal note, I realized through breathwork that I was taking deep breaths incorrectly for most of my life. Maybe it's my anatomy, but when I take a deep, fast breath, my nostrils constrict and limit the airflow. It was a real breakthrough for me when I learned to focus on my diaphram while flaring my nostrils. The breaths I can take are so much more satisfying.
Wim hof may not be meant to be relaxing, but box (square) breathing is definitely supposed to be. It's recommended in many places for anxiety by reputable organisations.
Of course, different people are different. If it actually makes anxiety worse then don't do it, or seek advice. It's difficult to know why the GP has this reaction.
Yes I always end up yawning/having to breathe through the mouth occasionally when trying to do this kind of thing. Perhaps I just don't get enough air through the nose.
I like to start breathing using my own rythm and then after a while the intervals widen naturally and I could then synchronize my breathing with one of the well known patterns but usuallly I don't. If I try to start with e.g. 4-7-8 I have the same problem of going into panic mode and then I am not relaxed at all and heart pulses go up instead of going down.
for me the out of sync happens during the transition between cycles. I think the problem is the visualization in this 4-7-8 app. you don't know when the exhale is going to end, you are almost at the end of exhale and inhale starts immediately. .There should be a small gap of 1 between the cycles 4-7-8-1-4-7-8-1 ... or the animation should indicate when the exhale is going to end.
I ended up in the same situation with this 4-7-8 Breathing. Actually with this one the problem for me is that there is no interval between cycles. After first cycle the next inhale starts immediately, and from the visualization you don't know exactly when the first cycle is going to end unless you keep the count yourself.
I think after exhale there should be a gap of maybe 1 to catch up.
INHALE-HOLD-EXHALE-CATCHTUP - inhaling for 4 counts, holding for 7, exhaling for 8, and catch up 1.
Breathing through the nose, in for a count of three and out for five, then repeat.
As long as the outbreath is longer than the inbreath, you will get some effect.
Could also try relaxing first by massaging the Vagus nerve. An easy way to start with that is to massage in a circular motion the skin area in front of the Tragus (front skin flap) on each ear.
You can combine that with the measured breathing for added effect. They both stimulate the Parasympathetic nervous system.
The person I replied to needed a gateway to box breathing. This means getting used to mild hypoxia. Not measuring your breathing will probably result in regular patterns where the outbreath is the same or shorter than the inbreath. So, no.
You should probably start by calming down first, such as lying on your back. Breathe as slowly as you want to for 2 minutes, and then start counting to see how slow your breath is.
I tried imposing structure but whenever I feel you like you say you do, I just revert to the mean. The rule is to not stress your system / mind above a certain threshold.
Pandora's box is now open and multiple groups have access to drones[0].
This is something that I think escapes engineers in this line of work - that something they invented will eventually end up (legally or not) in the hands of people with no scruples.
I think many in this thread are underestimating the desire of VPs and CTOs to just offload the risk somewhere else. Quite a lot of companies handling sensitive data are already using various services in the cloud and it hasn't been a problem before - even in Europe with its GDPR laws. Just sign an NDA or whatever with OpenAI/Google/etc. and if any data gets leaked they are on the hook.
How does one even begin to do that? Looking at people I know who describe themselves as "truth-seeking", it seems that it is a one way ticket to Conspiracyland.
Yeah, I sort of have a counter-belief that, generally speaking the way to have the most.... Grounded understanding of everything is to be a bit dispassionate about whether or not you have the truth. Being truth seeking has probably a 80/20 chance of going conspiracy nut vs actually being honestly truth seeking. Especially if you're not trained or the subject isn't in your wheel house.
> Europe’s dependence on the United States for its security means that the United States possesses a de facto veto on the direction of European defense. Since the 1990s, the United States has typically used its effective veto power to block the defense ambitions of the European Union. This has frequently resulted in an absurd situation where Washington loudly insists that Europe do more on defense but then strongly objects when Europe’s political union—the European Union—tries to answer the call. This policy approach has been a grand strategic error—one that has weakened NATO militarily, strained the trans-Atlantic alliance, and contributed to the relative decline in Europe’s global clout. As a result, one of America’s closest partners and allies of first resort is not nearly as powerful as it could be.
The US wants increased spending because many small European countries spend that money in the US.
Honestly, the interesting thing question here is:
(A) Does the EU have to political will to bankroll Ukraine.
(B) Will the US keep selling weapons the Ukraine, if funded by the EU.
I suspect (B) is a hard YES. Anything would end US military industry.
On (A) I'm less certain, the EU has had a hard time finding consensus. The EU can do big things, even when it's hard, the EU did so under covid.
I would not use it without proper eye protection for that particular wavelength. Staring into an infrared light will probably negatively affect your eyesight. As the eyes cannot see it, your pupil will not react and you also can't judge how bright it is.
The FOV of your eyes is insane, you have usable retina more than 90 degrees off center. If you want to avoid illuminating your eyes, you need to avoid illuminating your face.
